Introduction
Possible applications
Disclaimer
Audio Basics
Sound
Frequency
Amplitude
Digital representations of sound
Sample rate
Bit depth
Decibels in the digital domain
Working with MDFourier
Workflow
How MDFourier works
File alignment
The heart of the process
Minimal significant amplitude
How to interpret the graphs
Scenario 1: Comparing the same file against itself
Scenario 2: Comparing two different recordings from the same console
Scenario 3: Comparing against a modified file
Scenario 4: Comparing against digital low pass and high pass filters
Scenario 5: Comparing two recordings from the same console made with different Audio Cards
Scenario 6: Comparing WAV vs MP3
Results from vintage retail hardware
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 (US) vs Mega Drive Model 1 VA1 (JP)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 (US): Headphone out vs AV out
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 (US) vs Sega Genesis Model 1 VA6 (JP)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA6 (JP) vs Mega Drive Model 1 VA6 (US)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA6 (US) vs Sega Genesis Model 1 VA6 (US)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 (US) vs Sega Genesis Model 2 VA1.8 (US)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 (US) vs Sega Nomad (US)
Sega Genesis Model 2 VA1.8 (US) vs Sega Nomad (US)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 (US) vs Sega CDX (US)
Sega CDX (US) Line-out vs Sega CDX (US) Headphone port
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 w/Sega CD (US) vs Mega Drive Model 1 VA6 w/Sega CD (JP)
Mega Drive Model 1 VA6 w/Sega CD (JP) vs Mega Drive Model 1 VA6 w/Sega CD (US)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 w/Sega CD (US) vs Mega Drive Model 1 VA6 w/Sega CD (US)
Sega Genesis Model 1 VA3 w/Sega CD (US) vs Mega Drive Model 1 VA6 w/Sega CD (US)
Conclusions
Appendices
Downloads
How to use the Analysis Software
Analysis Software Options
Window Functions
Color Filter Functions
Align Transform to 1Hz
Output Graphs
Extra Command
Verbose Log
Configuration file
MDWave
Normalization and amplitude matching
Frequency domain normalization
Time domain normalization
Highest fundamental average normalization
Frame rates and their importance
Stereo Audio Balancing
Possible causes
Differences due to temperature
Corner cases
Known Issues
Window Function equations and graphs
Tukey
Hann
Flattop
Hamming
No Window
Color Filter Function details
None
Bright
High
Neutral
Low
Dimm
Requirements
Audio capture device
Sampling clocks
Computer
Game Consoles or emulators
Flash cart, or means to run the Tone Generator
Cables and adapters
Audio capture software
Compiling from source code
Colors available for graphs
Licensing
Contact the author
Acknowledgments
Glossary